MOUTH AS MIRROR OF SYSTEMIC DISEASES AND ITS REPRESENTATION IN CLINICAL REPERTORIES

 ABSTRACT:

In aphorism 90, Hahnemann emphasizes the important of observation “When the physician has finished writing down these particulars, he then makes a note of what he himself observes in the patient, and ascertains how much of that was peculiar to the patient in his healthy state. According to Kent” If the homeopathic physician is not an accurate observer, his observations will be indefinite, and his observations are indefinite, his prescribing is indefinite.” Observation is important thing in homoeopathy prescribtion but it also useful in diagnosis of the disease. Oral health is reflex to internal health, even in animals the health is assessed by the oral health. Let’s discuss about the oral manifestations of systemic diseases and broad spectrum of drugs available in homeopathy.

Keywords: Mouth, health, observation, clinical repertory.

Diagnosis		Oral manifestations
Nutritional deficiency	Vitamin A	Hyperplastic gingival epithelium
	Vitamin D	Developmental anomalies of dentin and enamel
	Hypophosphatemia	loosening and premature loss of deciduous teeth
	Vitamin K	Gingival bleeding
	Vitamin C	Scurvy (gingival bleeding, ulceration, foul breaths)
	Vitamin B2	Glossitis, loss of all papillae , magenta colour tongue
	Vitamin B3	Oral mucosa fiery red and painful
	Vitamin B12	Aphthous ulcer
Anaemia		Atrophic glossitis, angular cheilitis depapillated tongue
Leukemias		Gingival hypertrophy ,ulcerated tumour mass
Thrombocytopenia		Gingival bleeding or accumulation of blood in tissues
Multiple myeloma		Hairy oral leukoplakia ,candidiasis ,macroglossia
Thalassemia		Prominent pre-maxilla  and irregular arranged maxillary teeth
Erythroblasto fetalis		Deposition of blood pigment in the enamel and dentin
Crohn’s disease		Swelling of one or both lips, “cobble stone” appearance of buccal mucosa
Ulcerative colitis		Pyostomatitis vegetans, Pyostomatitis gangrenosum
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia		Traumatized oral mucosal membranes and pharynx ,rounded teeth margin ,erosion of teeth enamel
Renal diseases		Uremic stomatitis(painful whitish silvery plagues on mucosa and tongue )
Diabetes mellitus		Dry mouth, recurrent periodontal abscess
Addison’s disease		Brownish melanotic pigment in general fashion or blotches
Hypoparathyroidism		Pitting enamel hypoplasia
Lichen planus		Striae of wickham
Psoriasis		Geographic tongue
Sjogren’s syndrome-		Xerostomia, depapillated tongue
Lupus erythematosus		The oral lesions in the  discoid form begin as  erythematous area
Human papilloma virus		Multiple intact oral warts
Herpes simplex virus		Painful sores over lips, Tongue, roof of mouth
Measles		Koplicks spot
Tuberculosis		Superficial ulcers, patches, indurated soft tissue lesions
Scarlet fever		Strawberry tongue, raspberry tongue
Syphilis		Punched out painless ulcer, Hutchinson's teeth(congenital syphilis)
HIV		Kaposi sarcoma, candidiasis, recurrent ulcer.

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REPRESENTATION OF ORAL MANIFESTATIONS OF SYSTEMIC DISEASE IN CLINICAL REPERTORIES

KNERR REPERTORY

TEETH AND GUM-

§ Gums spongy in diabetes- kali br

§ Gums scorbutic (scurvy)-

§ Gums spongy as in scurvy- ant.t

§ Gums spongy in suppurative metritis- canth

§ Teeth serrated

§ Teeth serrated - upper incisors first central – syph

§ Teeth serrated - edges- med

§ Teeth serrated, Incisors, notched in incipient phthisis – tuber.

TASTE AND TONGUE

§ Small, dirty yellow (incipient tuberculosis)-agar

§ Tongue blue in cancer of tongue- mur .ac

§ Tongue brown at tip with elevated red papillae (scarlatina)-merc

§ Tongue coated and dry in endocarditis –aur met

§ Tongue flabby in heart disease- lyc, vir

§ Tongue flabby in induration of liver-mag .m ^[2]

MURPHY REPERTORY

· Teeth - SERRATED, teeth- calc-f. lach. med. plb. Syph. tub.

· Teeth - DISCOLORED, teeth – black - Arg-n. CHIN. Chlor. Con. ign. kreos. MERC. merl. Nit-ac. phos. plb. puls. sep. Squil. STAPH. syph. Thuj.

· Teeth - DISCOLORED, teeth - black - in streaks- staph.

· Teeth - BLEEDING, in hollow teeth - ph-ac. Phos. tarax.

· Teeth - DIRTY, look, teeth - All-c. aur-m-n. caps. sil.

· Teeth - ULCERATION, teeth, of roots- alum.

· Mouth - BLEEDING - scarlet fever, in- ARUM-T.

· Mouth - IMPETIGO, lips- ANT-C. Ars. Echi. Sil. tarent.

· Mouth - APHTHOUS, ulcers - aphthae, gums- colch. cub. Hep. NAT-M. Sul-ac.

· Mouth - APHTHOUS, ulcers - aphthae, lips, on- Ant-t. cadm-s. cub. Hydr. ip.

· Mouth - APHTHOUS, ulcers - aphthae, palate- agar. agav-a. borx. Calc. Hep. kali-bi. Nux-m. PHOS. sars. semp. sul-ac.

· Mouth - ATROPHY, gums- kali-c. Merc. plb.

· Mouth - FURRY, gums- sul-ac.

· Mouth - GANGRENE - gangrene, gums - Lach. MERC-C. Sec.

· Mouth - GINGIVITIS, inflammation, gums - acon. Alumn. am-c. arg-n. ars. ars-i. aur-m. bell. borx. bufo Calc-f. calc-s. Caps. Cham. chinin-s. Hecla hep. kali-n. KREOS. lach. lyss. mag-c. Merc. Merc-c. Mur-ac. naja NAT-M. Nux-v. PHOS. Phyt. plb. rhus-t. SIL. sulph. thuj. tub.

· Mouth - MUCOUS, membrane, ailments – purple - Lach.

· Mouth - MUCOUS, membrane, ailments – wrinkled - ars. elaps merc.

· Mouth - MUCOUS, membrane, ailments – ulcerated - arg-n. ars. hydr. kali-i. kreos. merc-c. nit-ac. phyt. sil. sul-ac.

· Mouth - PUSTULES, gums - aur. calc. Carb-an. Carb-v. nat-s. petr. puls.

· Mouth - SHRIVELLED, gums - carb-v. merc. par.

· Mouth - ULCERS, mouth – malignant - ARS. Lach. Phos.

· Mouth - ULCERS, mouth – syphilitic - Aur. Aur-m. Fl-ac. HEP. hydr. KALI-BI. KALI-I. Lach. MERC. Merc-i-r. Phyt. SYPH.

· Tongue - ERUPTIONS - papillae like strawberry -arg-n. ars. Bell. caust. kali-bi. ter.

· Tongue - MAPPED, tongue - ant-c. Ars. cham. dulc. hydr. Kali-bi. kali-m. Lach. lil-t. lyc. MERC. Merc-c. NAT-M. Nit-ac. ox-ac. petr. phys. phyt. Ran-s. Rhus-t. sep. sul-ac. syph. TARAX. Ter. thuj. Tub.

· Tongue – PSORIASIS Castor-eq. graph. kali-bi. Mur-ac. Sep.

· Tongue - RED - fiery-red- APIS Bell. calc-s. Canth. pyrog. sang.

· Tongue – WARTS- aur. Aur-m. aur-m-n. caust. kali-s. lyc. mang. staph. thuj. ^[3]

 

BOERICK REPERTORY

· TEETH – Black- arg-n. IGN. kreos. MERC. phos. plb. sep. Squil. STAPH.

· TEETH – Bleeding - am-c. ambr. ant-c. bar-c. bell. bov. carb-v. crot-h. lach. ph-ac. phos. sep. sulph. zinc.

· TEETH - Gums – bluish- borx. con. ferr-p. kali-bi. lach. lyc. merc. olnd. Plb. sabad.

· MOUTH - Aphthae - mercury, from- CARB-V. chin. Dulc. HEP. iod. nat-m. NIT-AC. Staph. Sulph.

· MOUTH - Aphthae - salt,abuse- Carb-v.

· MOUTH - Tongue - aphthae (cancer)- agar. borx. hell. Merc. sars. SULPH. ^[4]

 

 

 

CONCLUSION

During case taking, observation of  the “regionals” is one of the most important and most neglected part. It gives the key, not only to diagnose the case, but also in finding the simillimum. Master Hahnemann in his essay “MEDICAL OBSERVER” writes “True it is, that the careful observer alone can become a true healer of disease.” ^[5]