Tonsillitis is inflammation of the
tonsils most commonly caused by viral or bacterial infection. The most common
problems affecting the tonsils are recurrent infections (throat or ear) and
significant enlargement or obstruction that causes breathing and swallowing
problems. Tonsillitis is common, especially in children. The condition can
occur occasionally or recur frequently.
Tonsils are the two masses seen in
the back of the throat, one on either side at the back of the mouth. Tonsils
can normally see by opening mouth wide and looking in a mirror. They are the
two fleshy lumps that can see at the sides and back of the mouth. Tonsils are
made of soft glandular tissue and are part of the immune system. A main
function of tonsils is to trap bacteria and viruses (germs) which may breathe
in. Antibodies and immune cells in the tonsils help to kill germs and help to
prevent throat and lung infections. But sometimes the tonsils themselves become infected. Overwhelmed by bacteria or
viruses, they swell and become inflamed, a condition known as tonsillitis. 
Aetiology
Most cases of tonsillitis are caused
by infection with a common virus, but bacterial infections also may cause
tonsillitis. The tonsils actually serve as a filter for
bacteria, sometimes certain bacteria, such as group A Streptoccocci, can
infiltrate the tonsils and cause tonsillitis. However, viruses such as the
Epstein Barr virus typically cause tonsillitis. 
Being a child and having close contacts with viral or bacterial-laden
persons increase the risk for developing tonsillitis.
A common cause is Streptococcus bacteria. Other common causes include: Adenoviruses, Influenza virus, Epstein-Barr virus,
Parainfluenza viruses, Enteroviruses, Herpes
simplex virus
Clinical Manifestations
Being a child and having close
contacts with viral or bacterial-laden persons increase the risk for developing
tonsillitis.
It is also important to understand
that symptoms will be experienced differently for each person. Cases that are
caused by bacteria are often followed by skin rash and a flushed face.
Tonsillitis that is caused by a virus will develop symptoms that are flu-like
such as runny nose or aches and pains throughout the body.
Acute tonsillitis is caused by both
bacteria and viruses and will be accompanied by symptoms of ear pain when
swallowing, bad breath, and drooling along with sore throat and fever.
Fever, Enlarged, tender glands
(lymph nodes) in the neck, A scratchy, muffled or throaty voice, Bad breath,
Stomachache, particularly in younger children, Stiff neck, Headache.
In young
children who are unable to describe how they feel, signs of tonsillitis may
include: Drooling due to difficult or painful swallowing, Refusal to eat,
Unusual fussiness.
Viral tonsillitis typically requires
no special treatment. Rather, gargling with salt water, drinking warm liquids
such as broth or tea is enough.
Inflammation
or swelling of the tonsils from frequent or ongoing (chronic) tonsillitis can
cause complications such as: Difficulty breathing, Disrupted breathing during
sleep (obstructive sleep apnea), Infection that spreads deep into surrounding
tissue (tonsillar cellulitis), Infection that results in a collection of pus
behind a tonsil (tonsillar abscess)
If
tonsillitis caused by group A streptococcus or another strain of streptococcal
bacteria isn't treated, or if antibiotic treatment is incomplete, child has an
increased risk of rare disorders such as: Rheumatic fever, an inflammatory
disorder that affects the heart, joints and other tissues. Post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis, an inflammatory disorder of the kidneys that results
in inadequate removal of waste and excess fluids from blood. 
Chronic
tonsillitis is a
persistent infection in the tonsils. Since this infection is repetitive, crypts
or pockets can form in the tonsils where bacteria can store. Frequently, small,
foul smelling stones (tonsilloliths) are found within these crypts that are
made of high quantities of sulfur. These stones cause a symptom of a full throat
or a throat that has something caught in the back. A foul breath that is
characterized by the smell of rotten eggs (because of the sulfur) is also a
symptom of this condition. Other symptoms that can be caused by tonsillitis
that are not normally associated with it include snoring and disturbed sleep
patterns. These conditions develop as the tonsils enlarge and begin to obstruct
other areas of the throat. A person's voice is generally affected by this type
of illness and changes in the tone of voice a person normally has.
MANAGEMENT:
Self-Care Tips
-         
Turmeric and ginger are powerful anti-inflammatory spices
and can easily be integrated into diet or taken in raw form. 
-         
Try gargling with a saline solution of half a teaspoon of
salt to one cup of tepid water to remove mucous and reduce swelling. Suck zinc
lozenges as zinc helps the immune system. 
-         
Garlic is useful in treating any kind of throat
infection, including tonsillitis. An onion and garlic soup are excellent foods
to eat during a bout of tonsillitis. 
-         
Cut out all processed and refined foods as well as fast
foods. Try to find time to cook wholesome meals, focusing on whole grains,
vegetables and proteins such as fish and legumes.
-         
Take an echinacea and goldenseal tincture. Echinacea
boosts the immune system, while goldenseal has antibiotic, anti-catarrhal,
anti-infective, anti-inflammatory properties.
-         
Drink fresh vegetable juice—made from carrots, cucumbers,
beets and celery—with a little fresh ginger, which will alkalize our body and
is an excellent tonic for tonsillitis.
-         
Try to omit sugar from regular diet. sugar consumption
has also been shown to reduce the body's ability to fight viruses and
infection. If you need your sweet fix, take a spoonful of manuka honey, as it
is said to have many health benefits, including antiviral, antibacterial and
anti-inflammatory properties
-         
Do not share utensils, drinking glasses, toothbrushes,
etc., with anyone who has  tonsillitis or
a sore throat.
-         
Wash your (and your child's) hands frequently.
-         
Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze, and teach your
children to do the same
Tonsillectomy
A tonsillectomy is a surgical procedure in which the
tonsils are removed from either side of the throat. The procedure is performed
in response to cases of repeated occurrence of acute tonsillitis or
adenoiditis, obstructive sleep apnea, nasal airway obstruction, snoring, or
peritonsillar abscess. Sometimes the adenoids are removed at the same time, a
procedure called adenoidectomy. Tonsillectomy remains one of the most common surgical
procedures in children.
HOMOEOPATHIC MANAGEMENT 
Homoeopathy treats the person as a whole. It means
that homoeopathic treatment focuses on the patient as a person, as well as his
pathological condition. The homoeopathic medicines are selected after a full
individualizing examination and case-analysis, which includes the medical
history of the patient, physical and mental constitution etc. A miasmatic
tendency (predisposition/susceptibility) is also often taken into account for
the treatment of chronic conditions. The medicines given below indicate the
therapeutic affinity but this is not a complete and definite guide to the
treatment of this condition. Homoeopathy medicines are effective in treating
the recurrent attacks of acute tonsillitis as well as chronic tonsillitis. In a
significant number of children, homeopathic treatment can help prevent
recurrence of frequent tonsillitis, thus helping children avoid tonsillectomy.
The treatment of enlarged tonsils with homeopathy has two stages in cases of
long standing. Acute inflammation needs to be treated with a different set of
medicines and its recurrence to be treated once the acute stage is over.
Deep-acting medicines are required to treat the constitution and bring about
lasting relief. It is true that this method takes a longer time, but it is also
the best one because not only the tonsils are cured but also the patient.
| 
Indicated Remedies | 
Indications | 
| 
Apis mell | 
Stinging-burning
  pain when swallowing; dryness in mouth and throat; red and highly inflamed
  tonsils; deep ulcers on tonsils and palate, with erysipelatous or Oedematous
  appearance around ulcers; Oedema glottidis, tenacious mucus in throat; Aggravation
  heat or hot drinks, Amelioration from cold or cool drinks. | 
| 
Baryta carb  | 
Liability to
  quinsy after every cold or suppressed sweat of feet; tonsils tend to
  suppurate, especially the right; throat feels worse from empty swallowing;
  pricking sensation when swallowing; general malaise; palate swollen; chronic
  induration of tonsils; sensation as of a plug in throat, worse when
  swallowing solids; paresis of muscular structure of throat; scrofulosis,
  enlargement of glands in neck, under jaws and behind ears. | 
| 
Belladonna | 
Tonsillitis,
  worse right side, parts bright-red; worse swallowing liquids; during
  deglutition sensation as if throat were too narrow and as if nothing would
  pass properly; rapidly forming aphthous ulcers on tonsils; intense
  congestion, throbbing of carotids; throbbing of carotids; swelling of neck,
  extremely painful to touch and motion. | 
| 
Ferrum phos | 
Tonsils
  swollen and raw, great pain in swallowing; high fever. | 
| 
Hepar sulph | 
Chronic
  tonsillitis, especially when accompanied by hardness of hearing, with
  sensation like splinter or fishbone in throat when swallowing; sharp,
  lancinating pains, throbbing, rigors and chills, with stitches in throat,
  extending to ears, worse when swallowing; cannot bear cold air. | 
| 
Kali bichrom | 
Tonsillitis
  herpetica with membranous exudations, inflammation of uvula and pharynx,
  foul, yellow tongue, fauces covered with ropy mucus (often mistaken for true
  diphtheria); Eustachian tubes blocked up; pain shoots from ear down throat. | 
| 
Kali Mur | 
Acute and
  chronic swelling of the tonsils, which are covered with a whitish coating;
  hawking up cheesy lumps having a disgusting odor and taste. | 
| 
Lac caninum | 
Tonsils
  inflamed, shining and very sore, swollen so as almost to close the throat;
  suppuration from left to right, or changing from side to side, or both
  tonsils equally affected; whole posterior portion and throat Oedematous;
  tonsils enlarged; pricking; cutting pains from empty swallowing; great
  dryness of tonsils at night; throat sensitive to touch externally; ashy-gray
  exudation. | 
| 
Lachesis | 
Throat
  purplish, patient very nervous, least touch unbearable; tonsils swollen, left
  Aggravation with tendency to right; inability to swallow, threatening,
  suffocation; liquids escape by the nose when swallowing is attempted and are
  more difficult to swallow than solids; Aggravation from hot drinks; on
  swallowing burning pains shoot in left ear; pus from tonsils unhealthy, with
  tendency to degenerate into ulcers; excessive dryness, particularly if it
  appears in spots, Aggravation by inhaling cold air. It may break up the
  disease in its conception or promote resolution in later stages. | 
| 
Lycopodium | 
Tonsils enlarged,
  indurated and studded with many small ulcers; swelling and suppuration of
  tonsils, going from right to left; chronic enlargement of tonsils; Aggravation
  from cold drinks, and smarting in throat from hot drinks. | 
| 
Mercurius | 
Parenchymatous
  tonsillitis (after Bell.); throbbing pain, tonsils and fauces yellowish-red,
  often covered with a thin false membrane; tongue pale, flabby and indented by
  the teeth; pain on deglutition and speaking; pain on empty swallowing; salivation
  increased; throat sore externally when pressed upon; tonsils dark-red,
  studded with ulcers; quinsy with stinging pain in fauces; when pus has formed
  it hastens maturation; mercurial breath (Merc. biniod.); aphthae; profuse
  nightsweats, bringing no relief. | 
| 
Mercurius
  iod. Flav | 
Hypertrophy
  of tonsils with enlargement of cervical and salivary glands and inflammation
  of the mucous membrane of mouth and pharynx, which is succulent and freely
  secreting; ptyalism; foetor oris; swallowing difficult. | 
| 
Mercurius
  iod. Rub | 
Scalded
  feeling in throat, dark-red fauces, left tonsil most affected; 
Extensive
  implication of submaxillary glands. | 
| 
Phytolacca | 
Chills
  alternating with fever; great weakness; tonsils large, bluish, ulcerated; intense
  dryness of throat; rough, burning, smarting fauces; pain in throat extends to
  ears when swallowing; aching in back, neck, head and limbs; ulceration on
  tonsils and fauces; with grayish-white, sloughs and little or no foetor;
  cannot hot fluids; great prostration. | 
| 
Silicea | 
Deep ulcers,
  even gangrene; tonsils; swollen, each effort to swallow distorts face; tonsillitis,
  when the suppurating gland will not head; pricking in throat, as from a pin, causing
  cough; left side. | 
| 
Echinacea
  Angustifolia | 
Irritation of
  larynx. Voice husky. Constant clearing of mucus from throat. Sore throat.
  Frothy mucus, hawks from throat. Tonsils purple or black, gray exudation
  extending to posterior sinuses and air-passages. Ulcerated sore throat. Mucus
  in throat with raw sensation. Soreness of throat, worse on left side. | 
| 
Baptisia
  Tinctoria | 
Aphonia.
  Larynx sore to touch, painful swallowing or speaking. 
Fauces
  dark-red, dark, putrid ulcers. Tonsils and soft palate dark red and swollen. Painless
  sore throat and offensive discharge. Numb inside but sensitive outside. Can swallow
  liquids only, least solid food gags. Ragged ulcers in the throat. Spasms of
  gullet. Constriction at cardiac orifice of esophagus. Constrictive feeling in
  throat causing frequent efforts at swallowing. | 
| 
Streptococcinum | 
Adenopathy of
  the neck. Big, infected, purulent tonsils. Red angina.Persistent pain and
  redness of the throat. Acute and chronic laryngitis. It is most suitedfor
  Tonsillectomy recurrence infection. | 
| 
Tuberculinum | 
Chronic
  recurring Tonsillitis and Adenoids <change of weather from damp to cold. Vibrionic
  preparations like Throat 30, Infection 200 and War 1M also found very effective in the treatment of Tonsillitis | 
| 
Agraphis
  Nutans | 
Enlarged
  tonsils. Throat and ear complaints with tendency to free discharge from mucus
  membrane. Adenoids enlarged, throat deafness. | 
| 
Polyporus
  Pinicola | 
Throat dry,
  sore, frequent inclination to swallow. Tonsils much congested and enlarged, frequent
  efforts to swallow, quite painful | 
| 
Raphanus | 
Heat and
  burning in throat, at times, chiefly in tonsils, with lancinations. Swelling,
  redness and pain in tonsils, as if raw. | 
| 
Elaps Coralum | 
Tonsils
  swollen so that no passage is visible, deglutition impossible, throat
  sensitive to Touch | 
| 
Mancinella | 
Great
  swelling and suppuration of tonsils, with danger of suffocation; whistling
  breathing; Yellowish-white ulcers on tonsils, with violent burning pain;
  great elongation of uvula; offensive breath. | 
| 
Teplitz | 
Pain in
  throat without redness, on swallowing. 
Swelling of
  uvula and tonsils with difficulty in swallowing. 
Swelling of
  cervical glands. | 
| 
Ustilago | 
Frequent
  attack of tonsillitis. Tonsils are congested and enlarged. The left tonsils
  is esp. affected. It looks large and dusky. 
There is
  intense pain on swallowing, lancinating pain extents from the tonsils to ear.
  The throat is dry and there is feeling of lump, behind the larynx which make
  the swallow constantly. | 
