External mother tinctures for common clinical conditions

Mother tinctures are widely used in our day to day practice for safe recovery of patients ailments, I used mother tinctures in my clinical practice with well confidence and prescribing mother tinctures are result oriented and it act fast. External mother tinctures can be used in form of oil, ointment, and liniment with great efficacy in relieving the pain and distress whereas internal mother tinctures act into cure of the diseases. Homoeopathy have a large number of mother tinctures for use in diseases and in ailments with great success. Some of them used as external mother tincture in common clinical conditions are

ABSCESS &BOILS - Mag sulph Q, Silicea Q

ACNE - ChrysarobinumQ, Echinacea Q, Berberis AquifoliumQ

ACNE ROSACEA - Ichthyolum Q

ADENOID - Hydrastis Q (1part + Glycerin 6 part)

ANTISEPTIC (Anti biotic) - CinnamonumQ, Echinacea Q,

ANUS, PRURITIS - SymphytumQ

APHTHAE - Eupatorium AromaticumQ, Hydrastinum MuriaticumQ, Borax1x

BALDNESS - JaborandiQ, ArnicaQ, Acid phos Q

BED SORE - CalendulaQ, Hypericum Q, ArnicaQ

BITES&STINGS - Apis mell Q, Cedron Q, Arnica Q, Plumeria cellinus Q, Selaginella apus Q , IodiumQ

BLEEDING –

Adrenalin: To plug the internal bleeding surface, as in epistaxis to stop the bleeding immediately. 1: 1000 solutions.

Ferrum Phos: To arrest bleeding. Haemorrhages are bright red and occur in pale, anemic subjects liable to local congestions.

BONE FRACTURES - Symphytum Q

BRUISES, CONTUSIONS, ECCHYMOSIS - Arnica Montana Q

BURNS& SCALDS - CantharisQ, Urtica urens Q, calendula Q, Apis mellQ, MormordicaQ, CausticumQ, Carbolic acid Q

CANCER, GLANDS - Echinacea aug Q, Scrophularia nodosa Q, Citric acid Q, Lupulus Q.

CARBUNCLE - Calendula Q, Echinacea aug Q

CATARACT - Cineraria MaritimaQ

CHAPPED HANDS - Momordica BalsaminaQ

CHILBLAINS - IchthyolumQ, Agaricus Q, Tamus communis Q

CICATRICES - ThiosinominumQ

CONJUNCTIVITIES - Euphrasia Q

CORNS - HypericumQ

CRACKED NIPPLES - Balsamum PeruQ

DANDRUFF - BadiagaQ, Cochleria ArmoraciaQ

DERMATITIS (ECZEMAQ) - CantharisQ, Chrysarobinum Q, IchthyolumQ, Shookum ChuckQ

DIPTHERIA - Hydrastis Q

EAR AFFECTIONS - Mullein oil Q, PlantagoQ, Belladonna Q, Carbolic acid Q

ECCHYMOSIS -  ARNICAQ

EPISTAXIS - Hamamelis Q

ERYSIPELAS - Apis MellificaQ ,CantharisQ,Mag SulphQ

EYES & EYE LIDS - CinerariaQ,Arg nit Q, Lids- Symphytum Q

FALLING OF HAIR ( HAIR TONIC) - Arnica MontanaQ, CeanothusQ

FISSURES - HamamelisQ, RatanhiaQ

FRECKLES - BadiagaQ

FISTULA - Calendula Q

GANGLION - Ruta GraveolensQ

GUMS AFFECTIONS - Plantago majQ

HERPES - ChrysarobinumQ, CapsicumQ,- Herpes labia. Cantharis Q- Herpes zoster.

HERPES LABIALIS - CapsicumQ

HERPES ZOSTER - Cantharis:Apply an ointment made with the 3x potency.

HAEMORRHOIDS - RatanhiaQ, Aesculus Hipp Q, CollinsoniaQ

HERNIA ­-  Lycopodium Q

INSECT BITES - Apis MellificaQ

INJURY - Bellis perQ, HypericumQ, SymphytumQ, CalendulaQ, ArnicaQ, Ledum pal Q.

LEUCODERMA - Ammi visnagaQ, PsoraliaQ(Bawchi oil)

LICE - StaphysagriaQ, Sabadilla Q

MASTITIS - Phytolacca.D Q

MOUTH WASH - Carbolic acid lotion , Calendula Q

NAEVI - Bellis PerrenisQ

NASAL POLYP –

SanguinariaQ,Chloralum Q, ThujaQ, HydrastisQ, Tellereum Q,

Teucrium Marum Verum:Nasal polypi. Dry powder should be used.

NIPPLES

Cracked nipples – Balsamum peruQ,

Sore nipples – Eupatorium aromaticum Q, GraphitisQ

ORCHITIS - Mag SulphQ, Mullen oil Q

PREMATURE GREYING OF HAIR - Arnica MontanaQ

PRURITUS  - MentholQ

PRURITUS ANI - SymphytumQ

PRURITUS PUDENDII - BoraxQ

PRURITUS VAGINAE - Mentha PiperataQ

PSORIASIS - ChrysarobinumQ, IchthyolumQ, Berberis aquifoliumQ

PYORRHOEA - Phytolacca D.Q, PlantagoQ, SymphytumQ,

RHAGADES - Balsamum PeruQ

RHEUMATIC JOINTS - IchthyolumQ

RHEUMATIC PAINS - Alstonia ScholarisQ, Bry alb Q,GaultheriaQ, RhustoxQ, RutaQ, Vertrum VirideQ

RINGWORM  - ChrysarobinumQ, Oleum JecorisQ

SCABIES -  Balsamum PeruQ, Ichthyolum Q, Sulphur Q

SCAR TISSUE - Thiosinaminum: Dissolves scar tissue. Keloids.

SCIATICA - Ranunculus BulbosusQ, Bry alb Q, Rhustox Q

SCORPION BITE -  Ledum palQ

SEPTIC CONDITIONS - Mag SulphQ

SNAKE BITE - CedronQ

SPRAIN - ArnicaQ, RutaQ, Bellis perrQ, Rhus tox Q

SORE THROAT - Phytolacca D Q, BelladonnaQ

TUMORS - PlatanusQ, Phytolacca D Q, Ruta Q, Badiaga Q(Glands), Mullen oil Q (lymph gland)

TOOTH ACHE-  Plantago majQ, Kreosotum Q

ULCERATIONS - HamamelisQ, Alstonia ScholarisQ, Hydrastis CanadensisQ

Geranium MaculatumQ, Balsamum PeruQ, Cistus CanadensisQ, SymphytumQ

URTICARIA -  Apis MellificaQ, Urtica urensQ

VARICOSE VEIN  - HamamelisQ

WARTS -  

Sabina: Fig-warts with intolerable itching and burning.

Sempervivum Tectorum: Apply tincture or fresh juice of plants.

WARTS, EXCRESCENCES - Thuja OccidentalisQ, SabinaQ, Sempervivum Q,CondurangoQ

WOUNDS - Calendula OfficinalisQ, Sempervivum TectorumQ, Cistus CanadensisQ

SCURVY - CONNECTIVE TISSUE NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY DISORDER

                                                                                                               

Scurvy (Vitamin C deficiency) is a nutritional disorder characterized by initially as symptoms of malaise and lethargy, followed by formation of spots on the skin, spongy gums, and bleeding from the mucous membranes. Spots are most abundant on the thighs and legs, and a person with the ailment looks pale, feels depressed, and is partially immobilized. As scurvy advances, there can be open, suppurating wounds, loss of teeth, jaundice, fever, neuropathy and death.

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is essential for the formation of the tissue that holds the body's structures together (connective tissue). It also helps the body absorb the essential mineral iron, and it helps the body recover from burns and wounds. Vitamin C is also a member of the class of chemicals called antioxidants. Antioxidants help protect the body's cells from damage.

Vitamin C does not only invigorate the immune system, it is an essential vitamin that aids the repair of collagen cells. Scurvy was once a common disease among sailors in the 15th, 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries because they were stuck at sea without food for a long period of time without fresh fruits rich in vitamin C. Scurvy affects the dense connective tissue by breaking down the tendons. Dense connective tissue is a type of connective tissue that is characterized by its densely woven fibers of collagen that fit together to form rows called fibroblasts. Dense connective tissue is affected by connective tissue diseases that stem from severe vitamin C deficiency. This disease is commonly known as scurvy.

Causes of Scurvy:

Scurvy is caused by a prolonged dietary deficiency of vitamin C. Humans obtain 90% of their intake of vitamin C from fruits and vegetables, and cooking these sources decreases vitamin C content 20-40%. The body's pool of vitamin C can be depleted in 1-3 months. Ascorbic acid is prone to oxidation in vivo, and body stores are affected by environmental and lifestyle factors (eg, smoking), biological conditions (eg, inflammation, iron excess), and pathologic conditions (eg, malabsorption) that may alter its oxidation.

Risk factors for vitamin C deficiency include

·        Babies who are fed only cow's milk during the first year of life.

·        Alcoholic individuals and those who conform to food fads

·        Economically disadvantaged persons, who tend to not purchase foods high in vitamin C (eg, green vegetables, citrus fruits)

·        Cigarette smokers: These individuals require an increased intake of vitamin C because of lower vitamin C absorption and increased catabolism

·        Pregnant and lactating women and those with thyrotoxicosis: These individuals require an increased intake of vitamin C because of increased utilization

·        People with anorexia nervosa or anorexia from other diseases such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or cancer

·        People with type 1 diabetes have increased vitamin C requirements, as do those on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

·        People with disease of the small intestine such as Crohn, Whipple, and celiac disease, because vitamin C is absorbed in the small intestine

·        Individuals with iron overload disorders - These may lead to renal vitamin C wasting

Pathology of vitamin C Deficiency:

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) deficiency may lead to Defective formation of collagen in connective tissue,Defective intercellular cement,Defective dentine in teeth ,Defective osteoid tissue in bone., Capillary haemorrhages, delayed healing of wounds and defective formation of teeth bones occur during growth, In adults the teeth may become loose, Anaemia may be a prominent feature of scurvy.

Symptoms and signs:

Symptoms of scurvy may begin with Loss of appetite, Poor gain in weight, Fever , Irritability , Shortness of breath (Increased respiratory rate), Disconmfort and tenderness in legs, Pain and swelling over weight bearing bone, Feelings of paralysis.

As the disease advances a scurvy patient may come with Bleeding gums, Loosening of teeth, Bruising and petetial haemorrhage of mucous membrane and skin, Hoemorragic eyes, Poor wound healing , Bulging of eye balls (Proctosis) , Follicular keratosis sometimes associated with vitamin A deficiency ,Costochondral beading (Cartilage between joints) leads to enlargement of costochondral junction, Curly hairs (Corkscrew hair), Sicca syndrome (Autoimmune disease of connective tissue), By the time the disease is fully developed the patient is often anaemic.

Examination of an adult patient with scurvy usually reveals no abnormal physical signs of disease except gingivitis and subcutaneous haemorrhages and so gravity of his condition may not be appreciated, Patient may die suddenly from cardiac failure without warning, In the late stages of disease, general anasarca (generalised oedema), jaundice, oligurea, neuropathy, fever and convulsions and if continue leads to death.
In infants the main clincal features of scurvy are Lassitude (Weakness with lack of energy), Anaemia, Painful limbs, Enlargement of the costochondral junctions. Before the teeth eruption, scorbutic infants do not develop gingivitis & when it occurs the gums have typical 'scurvy buds', a feature of considerable diagnostic importance.

Diagnosis of Scurvy :

The health care providers will perform a thorough physical examination for signs and symptoms of scurvy mentioned above. Exact vitamin C levels can be measured by laboratory tests that analise ascorbic acid levels in the serum (or WBC ascorbic acid concentration). Radiological measures can be performed to diagnose and to see the damage done by the disease.

Skeletal x-rays can help diagnose childhood (but not adult) scurvy. Changes are most evident at the ends of long bones, particularly at the knee. Early changes resemble atrophy. Loss of trabeculae results in a ground-glass appearance. The cortex thins. A line of calcified, irregular cartilage (white line of Fraenkel) may be visible at the metaphysis. A zone of rarefaction or a linear fracture proximal and parallel to the white line may be visible as only a triangular defect at the bone's lateral margin but is specific. The epiphysis may be compressed. Healing subperiosteal hemorrhages may elevate and calcify the periosteum.

Prevention of Scurvy

Regular consumption of fruits and vegetables helps to prevent scurvy. Ascorbic acid is present in insignificant amounts in foods of animal origin.
Rich sources of vitamin C are: Oranges, Blackcurrants (small black berries), Tomatoes, Lemon, Brussels sprouts, Guava, Papaya, Carrots, Broccoli,  Potatoes, Spinach , Cabbage, Bell peppers, Watercress Extracts of rose hips, Pine needles, All citrus fruits, Fresh vegetables.

Recommended Intake for Vitamin C can vary on health factors. Pregnant and lactating women need higher doses of Vitamin C. Children (1 to 8 years) need 15 to 25 mg/day, Children and teenaged kid need 65mg to 90mg/day, Adults need 75mg to 90 mg/day

Research :

Research done by New England Journal of Medicine in 1970 to explain association between the Sjogren's syndrome and Scurvy. “Five men were given no ascorbic acid for 84 to 97 days, but had all other vitamin and mineral supplements necessary, after which vitamin C [ascorbic acid] repletion was begun. One man had 2.5 mg dietary L-ascorbic acid daily from day 85 to 213, the others from day 98 to 213. From day 214 to 244 they had 100 mg dietary ascorbic acid supplemented with 250 or 500 mg daily. Plasma ascorbic acid and serum vitamin A were estimated weekly and ophthalmological examinations were made 8 times during the study.

Sjogren's syndrome was apparent in 2 of the subjects while they were scorbutic, a third had keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and all 5 had one or more of the features described as components of the syndrome. As plasma values for ascorbic acid increased and the pool size rose during repletion the features of Sjogren's syndrome and the signs of scurvy regressed simultaneously. suggesting an association between the Sjogren's syndrome and Scurvy.

Management

Some of the Common Home Remedies for the Treatment of Scurvy:

Lime and Lemon: The use of lime and lemon is highly beneficial in the prevention and treatment of scurvy. Being rich sources of vitamin C, lime and lemon are regarded as foods of exceptional therapeutic value.

Potato: Potato is regarded as an excellent food remedy for scurvy.

Vinegar: Vinegar is very effective for the treatment of scurvy.

Aspirin: If there is pain in your body due to the deficiency of ascorbic acid, take 1 tab after meal.

Tomato: The presence of vitamin C in tomatoes helps it to fight diseases like scurvy. By drinking tomato juice everyday you can see the difference.

Homoeopathic Management:

Homoeopathy and Nutrition work together as synergistic healing modalities to bring about Holistic Health and A Healthy Balance. We need both to heal and for well-being. Classical Homoeopathy makes Nutrition therapy better. Good Nutrition helps Classical Homoeopathy.

Medicines like Arsenic al, Sulphur, Mercurius, Kreosote, Carbo veg etc are often found indicated in cases of Scurvy.

Arsenic Alb

Pronounced debility; child is emaciated; severe gastro-intestinal disturbances; exceedingly fetid smell from the mouth. 

Sulphur

Is indicated when in addition to the bleeding gums and fetid breath the patient has old, shrivelled, withered look and unhealthy state of skin. Discharge of blood and fetid pus from about the roots of the teeth. 

Mercurius

When gums recede from teeth and are blue and unhealthy in colour. Legs swollen and very painful. Unhealthy bluish ulcerations of the skin are the characteristic symptoms of the remedy. 

Kreosote

Mouth putrid and cadaverous; gums ulcerated; epistaxis and discharge from the genitalia. 

Carbo Veg

Persistent hemorrhage from gums and nose. It may also occur from kidneys and bowels. 

 

 

CONSTIPATION

CONSTIPATION AND THE PURSUIT OF GENERAL HEALTH IN GERIATRIC PEOPLES Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Nearly everyone becomes constipated at one time or another. Usually, this condition is not serious. Older people are five times more likely to complain about the symptom than younger people, possibly because of an undue concern about their bowel movement. To avoid most of the problems related to constipation, it helps to know what causes it, how to prevent it, and how to treat it. Experts agree that older people often worry too much about having a bowel movement every day. Normal frequency of bowel movement or volume of stool varies widely from person to person. A decrease in the frequency of bowel movements, accompanied by prolonged or difficult passage of stools, or a sense of incomplete evacuation are all expressed constipation. Constipation is a common symptom among older people.

 CAUSES OF CONSTIPATION IN OLDER ADULTS: Older adults are more likely to have constipation for the following reasons: Poor diet: Eating foods rich in animal fats (dairy products, meats, and eggs) or refined sugar but low in fiber (whole grains, fruits, and vegetables). Inadequate fluid intake: Not drinking enough water can lead to hard dry stools. Fluid is absorbed in the intestine, and people who don't drink enough water may not pass enough water into the colon to keep their stools soft. Caffeine and alcohol: These induce increased urination of water. This leads to (relative) dehydration that increases water absorption from the intestine. This can in turn lead to constipation when not enough fluid is retained in the stool. Poor bowel habits: Ignoring the desire to have bowel movements may initiate a cycle of constipation. After a period of time, the person may stop feeling the desire to move the bowels.This leads to progressive constipation. For example, some people may avoid using public toilets or ignore going to the toilet because they are busy Medications: Many medications can cause constipation. Antacids that contain aluminum hydroxide(Alternagel, Alu-Cap, Alu-Tab, Amphojel, Dialume) and calcium carbonate (Rolaids, Mylanta, Maalox, Tums, etc.), Antispasmodic drugs, Antidepressants, Iron tablets, Anticonvulsant drugs, Diuretics (because they can work like caffeine and alcohol as mentioned previously), Painkillers, narcotic-containing drugs, for example, may suppress bowel function. Lack of exercise Prolonged bed rest, for example after an accident or during an illness Habitual use of enemas and laxatives - The person may eventually require increasing amounts of laxatives to move the bowels.In some instances, the bowel will become insensitive to laxatives and the person will not be able to move the bowels even with laxatives. Travel: Changes in lifestyle, low fluid intake, and eating fast food may cause constipation. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): Because of changes in bowel function, if a person has this disorder, he or she may have crampy abdominal pain, excessive gas, bloating, and constipation, sometimes alternating with diarrhea. Intestinal obstruction: Mechanical compression and interference with the normal functions of the bowel may occur due to diverticulitis or Crohn's disease (an inflammatory bowel disease), Inflammatory adhesions and joining of tissues, Intestinal cancers, Abdominal hernia, Gallstones, Twisting of the intestine upon itself (volvulus), Foreign bodies (swallowed or introduced into the intestine from the anus), Intussusception, Postoperative adhesions Connective tissue diseases: Conditions such as scleroderma and lupus SYMPTOMS OF CONSTIPATION Symptoms of constipation depending on his or her normal bowel habits, diet, and age. Symptoms includes • Difficulty in starting or completing a bowel movement, • Infrequent and difficult passage of stool, Passing hard stool after prolonged straining, • If the person has irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) then crampy abdominal pain, excessive gas, a sense of bloating, and a change in bowel habits, • If the person has an intestinal obstruction, nausea, vomiting, no defecation, and inability to pass gas, Distended abdomen, headaches, and loss of appetite, • Coated (furred) tongue, bad breath(halitosis), and bad taste in the mouth The tests may help diagnose the cause of constipation are Anorectal manometry (pressure measurements of the anus and rectum), Barium enema, Complete blood count (CBC), Blood clotting tests ( PT or PTT), Colonoscopy, Proctosigmoidoscopy (an examination of the lower bowel), Stool studies, Upper GI series, X-rays of the abdomen Tips for Preventing and Managing Constipation Many factors can lead to constipation, including a poor diet, lack of exercise, and overuse of laxatives. We can help prevent or relieve constipation by: Eating healthfully. Getting plenty of high-fiber food in our diet, including whole grains, vegetables, and fruits, can help stave off constipation. It’s a good idea to avoid high-fat meals, excessive dairy products and eggs, and rich, sugary foods, since these can lead to constipation. The foods that all good sources of dietary fibre are Beans, lentils and peas, Fresh and dried fruits - particularly if the skins are eaten, Vegetables - particularly if the skins are eaten, Nuts and seeds, Wholemeal and granary breads, Jacket potatoes, Wholegrain breakfast cereals, Wholemeal pasta and brown rice Drinking plenty of fluids. Not drinking enough fluids can lead to constipation, so upping our intake of water and other liquids can help keep your bowels moving. Being careful when using laxatives. If use laxatives or enemas too often, our body can begin to rely on them and stop working the way it should. So talk with doctor about laxative use. Exercising regularly. Keeping active on a regular basis can help stay regular. Going when feel the urge. Waiting too long to have a bowel movement can lead to constipation, so go as soon as sense the need. Treating medical conditions. Certain medical conditions, including stroke, diabetes, or intestinal blockage, can lead to constipation. Working with our doctor to manage these conditions is important. Talking with doctor about medications. Some drugs, including certain antidepressants, antacids, supplements, antihistamines, pain relievers, high blood pressure medications, and Parkinson's disease medications, are known to lead to constipation, so talk with doctor to see if adjusting medications would help.

HOMOEOPATHIC MANAGEMENT: Homoeopathic remedies indicated for constipation often work at a deeper level than nutritional supplements and most herbs because they target the mind and the emotions in addition to the physical body. Essentially homeopathic remedies assist in unlocking the stress that may be underlying the constipation symptoms, ideally leading to a permanent resolution of the problem, since constipation symptoms are often difficult to differentiate on a physical level. Remedies used for relieving constipation: The most common and effective medicines to cure constipation are: Aesculus, Aletris, Aloes, Baptisia, Bryonia, Calc carb, Carbo veg, Chelidonium, Collinsonia, Dioscorea, Graphites, Hydrastis, Iris vers, Lycopodium, Natrum mur, Nux vom, Opium , Plumbum, Podophyllum , Pulsatilla, Sepia, Silicea, Sulphur, Veratrum album. In old people: Old people suffering from constipation could be relieved from the complaints by the following medicines: Aloes, Alumina, Antimonium crudum, Baryta carb, Bryonia, Lachesis, Opium, Phosphorous, Phytolacca, Rhus tox, Ruta. Person who have habitual constipation: For habitual constipated persons Abies nigra, Alumen, Alumina, Bryonia, Calc carb, Causticum, Collinsonia, Conium, Graphites, Lachesis, Lycopodium, Sepia, Sulphur. Persons who lead sedentary life: Aloes, Bryonia, Iris, Hydrastis, Lycopodium, Nux vomica, Opium, Platina, Podophyllum, Sulphur. Alumina: dry and slow, Confused and depressed, especially in the morning. Mind slows down, forgetful and absentminded. Easily disoriented: gets very distressed if hurried. Skin is dry and itches without an eruption. Severe constipation even with a soft stool. Weakness with trembling. Dry, hacking cough. Bladder weak: urination slow,has to wait for it to start. Aversion to/Aggravation from potatoes. Worse from warmth in general. Ambra grisea: erratic and embarrassed, Many bereavements and losses. Forgetful and confused. Easily embarrassed: shy and anxious in company (especially with strangers). “Prattles” and asks questions without waiting for answers. Prefers to be alone. Constipation: with anxiety and ineffectual urging and straining. Can’t pass stool or urine if others are within hearing distance. Dry, nervous cough which is worse from talking and is followed by burping. Insomnia: finds it difficult to fall asleep beforemidnight. Vertigo: with feeling of weakness in the stomach. Numbness, twitching and/or trembling anywhere. Generally worse from company (from conversation) and from music. Symptoms are erratic and worse when lying down. Arsenicum album: anxious, fussy, and restless Very scared of disease, of cancer, of death. Fears are worse when alone; to the point of despair. Extremely tidy, cannot rest until everything is in its place. Indigestion with burning pains and nausea. Loss of appetite and weight. Diarrhea, which is worse in the morning. Involuntary urination: day and night. Insomnia with restlessness and anxiety. Skin eruptions: itching without eruption. Palpitations with anxiety. Chilly. Burning pains which are better for heat. Symptoms are generally worse from midnight to 3 a.m. Thirsty for warm drinks; sips them frequently. Baryta carbonica: childish and petty, Absent-minded, confused and forgetful. Revisits childhood in old age. Has great difficulty making decisions. Extremely anxious about little (unimportant) things. Gets upset thinking others are talking about them. Vertigo: when getting up or bending down. Headache when bending. Indigestion and weakness after eating. Constipation with straining and an unfinished feeling. Weak bladder with involuntary urination: frequent urination at night with great urgency. Rattling cough with difficulty coughing anything up. Insomnia: restless sleep, wakes frequently from getting overheated. Much worse from the cold and damp. Carbovegetabilis: sluggish and gassy, Great indifference and apathy. Sudden, recurring loss of memory and difficulty concentrating. Rude and irritable, especially with relatives. Indigestion, flatulence, and diarrhea. Severe, painful bloating with gas, better for burping. Rattling cough with breathlessness, better for burping. Sluggish mentally and physically. Worse eating rich foods and fats; worse overeating. Much worse for getting overheated. Wants to be fanned; wants fresh air and breezes. Coniummaculatum: withdrawn, slow, and dizzy, Absent-minded, forgetful, and confused. Difficulty understanding when reading. Tired of life: becomes withdrawn; doesn’t want company. Superstitious. Everything is slow: thinking, answering, moving. Digestion, respiration, pulse, healing are all slow. Vertigo: worse lying down, when rolling over in bed or turning the head, better for closing the eyes; everything swirls. Dry tickling cough which is worse at night. Weak bladder: frequent, dribbling urination. Ignatia amara: loss and grief, Very upset after a loss or a big disappointment. Wants to be alone and doesn’t want any comforting. Finds it difficult to cry but eventually sobs hysterically. Sighs a tremendous amount. Feels as if there’s a lump in the throat. Headache, indigestion, diarrhea, palpitations, insomnia and/or weakness from grief. Twitches and spasms and unexplained numbness anywhere. Contradictory symptoms accompany physical complaints (e.g., cough worse coughing). Can’t stand tobacco smoke. Lycopodium: irritable, anxious, and gassy, Depressed and anxious: worries about absolutely everything. Any changes or responsibilities are very stressful. Lacks self confidence. Becomes absent-minded and forgetful. Snappy: irritable and critical. Sentimental: cries when thanked. Thin and gassy. Appetite poor: feels full after only a few bites. Everything turns to gas, terrible indigestion with bloating. Frequent urination especially with prostate problems (in men). Rattling cough with lots of expectoration (mucus). Craves sweet things and chocolate. All symptoms are worse between 3 and 4 p.m. and between 4 and 8 p.m. Nux Vomica : Anxiety ridden, worries about work and money, stays awake at night thinking of all the work that must be done the next day; extremely irritable when people or situations (traffic, lines, slow clerks, etc) get in the way of them staying on the schedule they had in mind, interfering with their productivity, impacting their ability to make money; also extremely irritable at colleagues and co-workers who don't pay attention to detail, waste time or make mistakes that causes loss of money. Work hard, play hard archetype - always has plans for what to do when not working, the sophisticated and accomplished city dweller. Physical symptoms: chronic constipation, irritable bowel syndrome; muscle cramps and spasms; lower back pain; tends to run very cold; hypersensitive to noise; craves spicy food; likes alcohol. Opium : Disconnected and blissed out, often the individual becomes disassociated from their feelings and their physical body following a fright and/or head injury, it's as if they're floating above their body, not really dealing with reality. They may suffer from narcolepsy, and/or painlessness from complaints that are normally painful. Alternatively, the individual may also be a workaholic that is hurried and impatient and has great mental clarity. Phosphoric acid: weakness and apathy, Overwhelmed by loss especially bereavements. Ailments from grief and disappointment. Forgetful; mind is too weak to even think. Severe weakness. Painless diarrhea, palpitation, headache, and extreme weakness after grief. Headache. Wants refreshing things (like fruit and fruit juices) to eat and drink. Feels better after a nap. Rhustoxicodendron: restless, stiff, and achy, Anxious and forgetful. Terrible restlessness; can’t rest in any position (because of the aching). Joint and back pains (rheumatism and arthritis) which are worse on first motion and better for continued motion and stretching. Shingles. Symptoms are worse at night; worse for cold and for damp in any form; better for warmth.

HYPOTHYROIDISM - A GENERAL APPROACH TO UNDERACTIVE THYROID

HYPOTHYROIDISM - A GENERAL APPROACH TO UNDERACTIVE THYROID . Hypothyroidism (also known as underactive thyroid) is a state in which the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone. Since the main purpose of thyroid hormone is to “run the body’s metabolism”, it is understandable that people with this condition will have symptoms associated with a slow metabolism. Underactive thyroid is a very common medical condition and statistics suggest that 1 in 50 women and 1 in 1000 men will develop symptoms of hypothyroidism. It is more common in older women and can also occur more frequently during pregnancy. Thyroid is a small butterfly-shaped gland, in the front of the neck. The function of the thyroid gland is to convert iodine found in many foods into thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Only the thyroid gland has cells that can absorb iodine. The thyroid takes the iodine from foods, supplements and iodized salt and combines it with the amino acid tyrosine to produce T3 and T4. T3 and T4 travel throughout the body through the bloodstream and help cells convert oxygen and calories into energy. The pituitary gland produces the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH). TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to produce more T3 and T4 hormones. If the levels of T3 and T4 thyroid hormones in the blood increase, the pituitary gland responds by reducing the production of TSH. The hypothalamus gland is located in the brain, it produces the TSH Releasing Hormone (TRH) which communicates with the pituitary gland which in turn stimulates the thyroid gland by producing and releasing TSH. Classification Hypothyroidism is often classified by association with the indicated organ dysfunction Primary - The most common forms include Hashimoto's thyroiditis (an autoimmune disease) and radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroidism. It’s due to dysfunction of thyroid gland. Secondary - Occurs if the pituitary gland does not create enough thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) to induce the thyroid gland to produce enough thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Although not every case of secondary hypothyroidism has a clear-cut cause, it is usually caused by damage to the pituitary gland, as by a tumor, radiation, or surgery. Secondary hypothyroidism accounts for less than 5%or 10% of hypothyroidism cases. Tertiary - Results when the hypothalamus fails to produce sufficient thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH prompts the pituitary gland to produce thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Hence may also be termed hypothalamic-pituitary-axis hypothyroidism. It accounts for less than 5% of hypothyroidism cases. Causes There are several potential diseases and conditions that can cause Hypothyroidism. Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide. In iodine-replete individuals hypothyroidism is frequently caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis, or otherwise as a result of either an absent thyroid gland or a deficiency in stimulating hormones from the hypothalamus or pituitary. Factors such as iodine deficiency or exposure to iodine-131 from nuclear fallout, which is absorbed by the thyroid gland like regular iodide and destroys its cells, can increase the risk. Hypothyroidism can result from postpartum thyroiditis, a condition that affects about 5% of all women within a year of giving birth, the first phase is typically hyperthyroidism; the thyroid then either returns to normal, or a woman develops hypothyroidism. Of those women who experience hypothyroidism associated with postpartum thyroiditis, one in five will develop permanent hypothyroidism requiring lifelong treatment. Radiation therapy – Radiation used to treat cancers of the head and neck can affect thyroid gland and may lead to hypothyroidism. Medications – A number of medications (such as lithium which is often used for psychiatric disorders) can contribute to hypothyroidism As a Consequence of treatment for hyperthyroidism – People who suffer from hyperthyroidism are often treated with radioactive iodine or anti-thyroid medications to reduce their thyroid function. When the function is reduced too much, hypothyroidism can result. Stress is known to be a significant contributor to thyroid dysfunction; this can be environmental stress as well as lesser-considered homeostatic stress such as fluctuating blood sugar levels and immune problems. Adrenal insufficiency can also result in hypothyroid symptoms without affecting the thyroid itself. Clinical Manifestations Early symptoms are Hard stools or constipation, Increased sensitivity to cold, Fatigue or feeling slowed down, Heavier menstrual periods, Joint or muscle pain, Paleness or dry skin, Sadness or depression, Thin, brittle hair or fingernails, Weakness and Weight gain. Unexpected weight gain and difficulty losing weight may be one of the first noticeable signals that struggling with hypothyroidism (a sluggish thyroid) or subclinical hypothyroidism. Late symptoms, if left untreated: Decreased taste and smell, Hoarseness, Puffy face, hands, and feet, Slow speech, Thickening of the skin, Thinning of eyebrows A physical examination may reveal a smaller-than-normal thyroid gland, although sometimes the gland is normal size or even enlarged (goiter). The examination may also reveal: Brittle nails, Coarse features of the face, Pale or dry skin, which may be cool to the touch, Swelling of the arms and legs, Thin and brittle hair Uncommon clinical manifestations are Impaired memory. Impaired cognitive function (brain fog) and inattentiveness, A slow heart rate with ECG changes including low voltage signals. Diminished cardiac output and decreased contractility, Reactive (or post-prandial) hypoglycemia, Sluggish reflexes, Hair loss, Anemia caused by impaired haemoglobin synthesis (decreased EPO levels), impaired intestinal iron and folate absorption or B12 deficiency from pernicious anemia, Difficulty swallowing, Shortness of breath with a shallow and slow respiratory pattern, Increased need for sleep, Irritability and mood instability, Yellowing of the skin due to impaired conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A (carotoderma), Impaired renal function with decreased glomerular filtration rate, Acute psychosis (myxedema madness) (a rare presentation of hypothyroidism), Decreased libido in men[18] due to impairment of testicular testosterone synthesis, Decreased sense of taste and smell (anosmia), Puffy face, hands and feet (late, less common symptoms), Gynecomastia, Deafness, Enlarged tongue. Diagnosis - The only validated test to diagnose primary hypothyroidism, is to measure thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4).[40] However, these levels can be affected by non-thyroidal illnesses. High levels of TSH indicate that the thyroid is not producing sufficient levels of thyroid hormone (mainly as thyroxine (T4) and smaller amounts of triiodothyronine (T3)). However, measuring just TSH fails to diagnose secondary and tertiary hypothyroidism, thus leading to the following suggested blood testing if the TSH is normal and hypothyroidism is still suspected:  Free triiodothyronine (fT3)  Free thyroxine (fT4)  Total T3  Total T4 Additionally, the following measurements may be needed:  Free T3 from 24-hour urine catch[41]  Antithyroid antibodies — for evidence of autoimmune diseases that may be damaging the thyroid gland  Serum cholesterol — which may be elevated in hypothyroidism  Prolactin — as a widely available test of pituitary function  Testing for anemia, including ferritin  Basal body temperature GENERAL MANAGEMENT Diet - The thyroid gland needs an array of nutrients to function optimally. Add essential fatty acids to your diet. Cold water fish such as salmon and cod as well as flaxseed, walnuts and almonds are great sources. Another option is to take a daily supplement such as fish oil. Seaweed, chlorella and algae should also be consumed frequently. They are rich in iodine and essential nutrients that maintain thyroid function balance. Another important thing to keep in mind when it comes to a natural diet for hypothyroidism is that there are also foods that actually slow down thyroid function. These include broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, kale, spinach, turnips, soy, beans, and mustard greens. Also, take care to avoid overly processed food and limit dairy, sugar, artificial sweeteners, caffeine, and alcohol intake. Natural remedies and herbs can also be used to support optimal thyroid function. Bladder wrack (Fucus vesiculosus) is a natural source of iodine, essential for healthy thyroid function. Shilajeet-Asphaltum puniabiunum is one of India’s most prized herbs and is considered a ‘wonder drug’ by many due to its high mineral content. Makandi (Coleus forskohlii) has been studied extensively for its use in supporting thyroid function. Clinical trials have shown that forskolin (a chemical found in coleus) may help to support thyroid hormone secretion. Supplements of Vitamin C, E, Riboflavin, Zinc, Niacin, pyridoxine might also helps boost thyroid hormone production. Exercise – Aerobic exercise for 15 – 20 mins a day is excellent for maintaining good thyroid function. It may boost the metabolism thus promoting good health. HOMOEOPATHIC MANAGEMENT: Homoeopathy considers a disease to be the result from emotional distress and frustration, which blocks the life force energy into various different organs or glands. Homeopathy considers thyroid problem as one such autoimmune glandular dysfunction. Homeopathy offers better chances of a cure since the treatment is based on the person's individual constitution. Conventional treatment of thyroid dysfunction relies mainly on drugs and surgery, whereas homeopathic treatment improves the function of the thyroid gland through natural means. Homeopathic remedies work by stimulating the body's own healing power. Homeopathic remedies stimulate the body to reactivate the hormone secretions, replenish and restore the thyroid tissue through the pituitary and other glands as a whole allowing the body to heal itself. Another striking thing about homeopathy is that it has no side effects. People on multiple medications can safely take homeopathic medicines. Homoeopathic drugs are non-habit forming and have no addictive characteristics. Homeopathic remedies stimulate the body's own immune system and offer a long lasting cure rather than giving temporary relief Homoeopathy offers good prognosis to cases of hypothyroidism. Medicines like Calcare phos, Calcarea carb, Lapis alb, Iodium, Thyroidinum, Spongia, Lycopus, Calcarea iod etc are often found indicated in cases of hypothyroidism. Iodum is indicated in cases especially where there are symptoms of hyper or hypo thyroidism, according to Dr. William Boericke in the "Materia Medica and Repertory." The person needing Iodum may feel very hot, agitated, and shaky with trembling hands and heart palpitations. There may be an increased appetite, with a desire to eat all day long, resulting in obesity; however, the individual may also have an increased metabolism and not be able to gain weight. Given in controlled doses and the correct potency, Iodum may help regulate the thyroid and the pituitary gland, the source of thyroid stimulating hormones. Fucus vesicelosus, or sea kelp, may help thyroid conditions where there is an under-active thyroid with slow metabolism, according to the "Materia Medica of Homeopathic Medicines." The remedy has the power to stimulate the thyroid and pituitary gland, helping to adjust the amount of thyroid stimulating hormones, and boost metabolic processes. When used correctly, this powerful remedy can offer relief from many thyroid conditions and successfully reduce a myriad of symptoms, such a helping with weight loss, reducing sluggishness and fatigue. It may alleviate headaches; muscle pain and joint discomfort, as well as overcome many other unwanted symptoms of thyroid dysfunction. Additionally, this remedy also has the ability to suppress an overactive thyroid when given in higher potencies and larger doses. Fucus vesicelosus should never be self-administered. It should only be used under the supervision of an experienced homeopath that can monitor your case closely. Never adjust your dose or change the potency of the remedy without first consulting your practitioner. Dietary kelp is contraindicated while taking homeopathic Fucus vesicelosus. Kali carbonicum is indicated for individuals who suffer from a slow metabolism, often seen in hypothyroidism. The remedy may relieve symptoms of coldness and chilliness, pain in the back, chronic constipation, indigestion, flatulence, belching and a sour taste in the mouth, writes homeopath Roger Morrison in the "Desktop Guide." The person needing this remedy may be aggravated in general by drinking icy-cold drinks, which may produce nausea and vomiting. The person may experience chronic bronchitis or sinus infections, which are the leading indicators for using this remedy in cases of hypothyroidism. In addition, there may be obesity and fatigue, which may be relieved by taking Kali carbonicum. References 1. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothyroidism 3. Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine, 4. Lilienthal S., Homoeopathic Therapeutics 5. http://www.womentowomen.com/hypothyroidism/symptomsrelief.aspx 6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001393/ 7. http://www.homeopathyworldcommunity.com/profiles/blogs/hypothyroidism-and-its 8. http://www.livestrong.com/article/361095-homeopathy-for-thyroid-imbalance/ 9. Homeopathic Materia Medica by Boericke 10. http://www.nativeremedies.com/ailment/hypothyroidism-symptoms-and-natural-treatments.html 11. http://www.amcofh.org/blog/homeopathic-treatment-thyroid 12. https://www.pramilahomeopathy.com/thy.html 13. Dewey W. A., Practical Homeopathic Therapeutics Prof. Dr. S. SABARIRAJAN., M.D. (Hom) (Prac. of Med), PGDHHM Dept. of Practice of Medicine Vinayaka Mission’s Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital, Salem, Tamilnadu.